WED 23rd November 2016
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE(obj and essay)2:00pm-4:00pm
AGRIC OBJ
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1a)
Advantages of Commercial Agriculture
i. It increases yield owing to the fact that a large area of land is cultivated, this system results in increase in yields
ii. it encourages research work into markets
iii. The produce is mainly for sale or export
iv. Most products obtained from the commercial agriculture are generally of high quality
v. As a result of mass production of livestock or crop, the sale price of these products are usually very low and affordable
1b)The Problems are
i. it is costly or expensive to hire machine and most farmer are poor
ii. Inadequate Capital or credit facilities
iii. Machine Spare parts are not easily available
iv. Unfavourable soil terrain or topography prevent mechanization
v. poor market structures or system for agricultural production
vi. there is low-level of technical knowledge about machinery
2a)
Mechanization can be defined as the application of engineering principles
and technology in agricultural production, storage and processing on the
farm
2b)
i. improvement in quality of produce
ii. improvement in pest control and diseases to agricultural produce
iii. Increase in farm revenue
iv. Reduction in cost of operation
v. They make it possible for farmers to have increase or in output
2c)
i. Gunter Chain
ii. Theodolite
iii. Ranging pole
iv. wind vane
2d)
-Due to high temperature from the sun, it leads to dryness of crop
-Most water content in soil will evaporate direct to solar power
3ai
Rock weathering is the breakdown of rock by the action of weathering elements
i-calcareous rock
ii-Grimate rock
3b
-presence of rock
-presence of manure
-low acidity
-water retaining capacity is moved
3c
-it provide direct watery of plant and easy drainage
-it can easily be diverted to supply many farm produce
4a)
Soil texture refers to the weight proportion (relative proportion by weight percentage of sand, silt, and clay) of the mineral soil separates for particles less than two millimeters (mm) as determined from a laboratory particle-size distribution.
4b)
-Single grain structure
-Crumb structure
-Plate-like structure
-Granular structure
4c)
-Organic material:Organic materials like compost and other decaying matter adds structure to the soil, improves drainage and also it helps for stave off the disease and pests from the plants.
-Compost:Compost is the best and the most effective way to replenish the nutrients in the soil than organic materials.
-Crop Rotation:Crop Rotation is the technique that is used to plant the seasoned plants according their season on the same soil.
4d)
-Effect on Health of Humans:Considering how soil is the reason we are able to sustain ourselves,
the contamination of it has major consequences on
our health.
-Effect on Growth of Plants:The ecological balance of any system gets affected due to the
widespread contamination of the soil.
-Decreased Soil Fertility:The toxic chemicals present in the soil can decrease soil fertility and
therefore decrease in the soil yield.
4e)
-Start your compost pile on bare earth:This allows worms and other beneficial organisms to aerate the compost and be transported to your garden beds.
-Add compost materials in layers, alternating moist and dry:Moist ingredients are food scraps, tea bags, seaweed, etc. Dry materials are straw, leaves, sawdust pellets and wood ashes.
-Add manure:green manure ( clover, buckwheat, wheatgrass, grass clippings) or any nitrogen source. This activates the compost pile and speeds the process along.
5a)
Alleles are pairs of homologous or heterozygons Chromosomes that participate in cross breeding
ii. Filia Generation are the offspring produced from the cross-breeding of alleles e.g Tt,Tt,Tt,Tt are called first Filia generation.
5b)
Drying the pasture
Fumigation
Storage in cool and dry place
5c)
Erosion
loss of soil fertility
displacement of animal
5d)
i. use protective hand gloves
ii. use nasal protector
iii. Wash your hand with detergent after use
5e)
-divide the farmland into plots
-plant different crops on each plots
-Rotate the different crops from one plots to another every year
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